ABSTRACT
Trace elements are extremely important for normal metabolism. Copper is one of the trace metals which has important physiological function in maintaining thyroid activity. Copper is known to effect lipid metabolism. Increase in serum copper level is associated with decrease in concentration of total cholesterol (TC). Thyroid hormone binding transcription factors, which are essential for modulation of gene expression, contain zinc bound to cysteine residues and also thyroid hormones influence zinc metabolism by affecting zinc absorption and excretion. Zinc is required for enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and lipoprotein excretion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various levels of serum copper and zinc on total cholesterol, plasma triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in subjects with thyroid dysfunction. 61 subjects were divided into three groups of 13 hypothyroid, 23 hyperthyroid and 25 euthyroid based on thyroid stimulating hormone levels. The correlation between serum copper and low density lipoprotein (p <0.01) (r = -0.842), serum zinc correlated strongly negative and significantly with total cholesterol (r= -0.564) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r= -0.666) in hyperthyroid group. But the correlation in hypothyroid and euthyroid group differed and was not significant. Elevated levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol may be proatherogenic and increase the risk of cardio vascular diseases hence measures must be taken in correcting and maintaining levels of micronutrients in thyroid dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
Dyslipidemia, a very common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is associated with life threatening complication like coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein A-I and apo B100 are the protein components of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) respectively. Apo B100/apo A-I ratio represents the balance between pro-atherogenic and antiatherogenic factors. Apolipoproteins have recently gained importance as they are said to be a better indicator of coronary artery disease as compared to other lipid and lipoproteins. This study was done to study the apo B100/apo A-I ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), extended lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL, apoA-I and apoB100) were estimated in 34 non diabetic controls and 37 diabetic cases.The cases were further subdivided into 2 groups based on their glycemic control. LDL levels were calculated by Friedewald’s formula. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 11.5. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Poorly controlled diabetic cases had significantly lower levels of HDL and apoA-I and significantly higher levels of TG. Total cholesterol, LDL and apoB-100 were comparable in both the groups. ApoB100/apoA-I ratio was significantly elevated in poorly controlled diabetic. Apo B100/apo A-I ratio showed a strong positive correlation with glycated HbA1c Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia. Strict glycemic control is capable of partially improving dyslipidmia. Apo B100/apo A-I ratio can be used as an additional parameter for assessment of risk of CAD in diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Phlebotomy – the drawing of blood – has been practiced for centuries and is still one of the most common invasive procedures in health care. However, practice varies considerably between countries and between institutions and individuals within the same country. By its nature, phlebotomy has the potential to expose health workers and patients to blood from other people, putting them at risk from blood borne pathogens. These pathogens include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and dengue. If a blood sample is poorly collected, the results may be inaccurate and misleading to the clinician and the patient may have to undergo the inconvenience of repeat testing.
ABSTRACT
It is a well known fact that iodine is a very important trace element for normal growth and metabolism. Iodination of biomolecules has many important functions in the field of research, assay procedures, investigation and diagnosis of diseases. The present study is done to compare the iodine uptake by the serum of diabetes mellitus cases and healthy controls. Methods: The study was carried out on 50 cases of known diabetes mellitus with mean fasting blood glucose level of 324 mg/dl and 25 healthy controls with mean fasting blood glucose level of 78 mg/dl. The modified version of the colorimetric method was employed for the assay of iodine uptake. The data’s were analyzed using SPSS version 10. Results: Serum total iodine uptake was decreased significantly in cases as compared to healthy controls (p <0.01). Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that there is decreased iodine uptake by diabetic serum. The cause for decreased iodine uptake may be related to high blood sugar level which possibly may be causing some alteration in the structure of biomolecules by glycation leading to decrease in the binding sites of iodine.